木粉疏水改性对HDPE基木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用一种操作简便且易于工业推广的方法对木粉进行疏水改性，具体过程为：将3种可热聚合的单体，即甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）和苯乙烯（St）均匀喷洒在木粉上，经过预热处理后，与配方中其他组分，如高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）等通过高速混合机混合均匀，采用双螺杆挤出机造粒后，注射制备木塑复合材料（WPC）样条，测试其力学性能。另外，考察了疏水改性对WPC接触角、维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、吸水性能、热性能的影响规律。结果表明：疏水改性后WPC的接触角增大，木粉和HDPE的界面相容性改善，力学性能得到明显提高。其中，当MMA、BMA和St的添加量为3%时，WPC的力学性能最好，与疏水改性前相比，弯曲强度分别提高了17.3%、26.3%和27.5%，弯曲模量分别提高了24.4%、24.4%和26.0%，冲击强度分别提高了54.7%、57.7%和60.5%。 此外，疏水改性后WPC的维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、耐水性和耐热性也得到改善。     

Materials Design of Solar Cell Absorbers Beyond Perovskites and Conventional Semiconductors via Combining Tetrahedral and Octahedral Coordination

Tetrahedral coordination structures, e.g. crystalline Si, GaAs, CdTe, and octahedral coordination structures, e.g. perovskites, represent two classes of successful crystal structures hitherto for solar cell absorbers. Here, via first‐principles calculations and crystal symmetry analysis, the two classes of semiconductors are shown exhibiting complementary properties in terms of bond covalency/ionicity, optical property, defect tolerance, and stability, which are correlated with their respective coordination number. Therefore, a spinel structure is proposed, which combines tetrahedral and octahedral coordination into a single crystal structure, as an alternative to perovskite and conventional semiconductors for potential photovoltaic applications. The case studies of a class of 105 spinel AB₂X₄ systems identify five spinel compounds HgAl₂Se₄, HgIn₂S₄, CdIn₂Se₄, HgSc₂S₄, and HgY₂S₄ as promising solar cell absorbers. In particular, HgAl₂Se₄ has suitable bandgap (1.36 eV by GW0 calculation), small direct–indirect bandgap difference (24 meV), appropriate carrier effective mass (m_e = 0.08 m₀, and m_h = 0.69 m₀), strong optical absorption, and high dynamic stability. This study suggests that crystal systems with mixed tetrahedral and octahedral coordination may open a viable route for emerging solar cell absorbers.     

Binary-centric defense of production operating systems against kernel queue injection attacks

Kernel callback queues (KQs) are the established mechanism for event handling in modern kernels. Unfortunately, real-world malware has abused KQs to run malicious logic, through an attack called kernel queue injection (KQI). Current kernel-level defense mechanisms have difficulties with KQI attacks, since they work without necessarily changing legitimate kernel code or data. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of KQguard, an efficient and effective protection mechanism of KQs. KQguard employs static and dynamic analysis of kernel and device drivers to learn specifications of legitimate event handlers. At runtime, KQguard rejects all the unknown KQ requests that cannot be validated. We implement KQguard on the Windows Research Kernel (WRK), Windows XP, and Linux, using source code instrumentation or binary patching. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that KQguard is effective (i.e., it can have zero false positives against representative benign workloads after enough training and very low false negatives against 125 real-world malware), and it incurs a small overhead (up to ~5%). We also present the result of an automated analysis of 1,528 real-world kernel-level malware samples aiming to detect their KQ Injection behaviors. KQguard protects KQs in both Windows and Linux kernels, can accommodate new device drivers, and can support closed source device drivers through dynamic analysis of their binary code.

     

高速率通信网络下时变系统的有限时域H∞控制

针对高速率通信网络和Round-Robin（RR）协议影响下网络化时变系统的有限时域[H∞]控制问题，考虑到系统中存在乘性噪声、随机时滞和量化效应，提出了一种基于观测器的有限时域[H∞]控制器的设计方法。利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式（Linear Matrix Inequality，LMI）技术得到有限时域[H∞]控制器存在的充分条件。基于锥补线性化（Cone Complementarity Linearization，CCL）方法通过求解一组递归矩阵不等式得到观测器和控制器参数。所设计的控制器保证闭环网络化时变系统在给定的时域内稳定，且满足预定的[H∞]性能指标。数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Humidity-Induced Simultaneous Visible and Fluorescence Photonic Patterns Enabled by Integration of Covalent Bonds and Ionic Crosslinks

Stimuli-responsive photonic crystals (PCs) have been extensively studied due to their potential in fabrication of anti-counterfeiting devices and information storage. In this work, using Ca²⁺ ionic crosslinker, a cholesteric liquid crystalline network (CLCN) based PC able to simultaneously present visible and fluorescence pattern by moisture treatment is designed and prepared. The circularly polarized light from helical structure of CLCN makes the reflected pattern distinguishable under different circular polarizer, implying the unique advantage of this novel coating as anti-counterfeiting devices. More importantly, due to the thermochromic property of the liquid crystal monomers, permanent pattern is achievable by chemically crosslinking specific region at different temperature. By integrating chemically crosslinking and physically ionic crosslinking, a permanent pattern and a dynamic humidity responsive pattern can be incorporated in a single device, indicating the great potential of this novel photonic coating in information storage.     

An enhanced state estimation for linear parabolic PDE systems with mobile sensors

This paper studies an enhanced state estimation problem of distributed parameter processes modeled by a linear parabolic partial differential equation using mobile sensors. The proposed estimation scheme contains a state estimator and the guidance of mobile sensors, where the spatial domain is decomposed into multiple subdomains according to the number of sensors and each sensor is capable of moving within the respective subdomain. The state estimator is desired to make the state estimation error system exponentially stable while providing an performance bound. The mobile sensor guidance is used to enhance the transient performance of the error system. By the Lyapunov direct technique, an integrated design of state estimator and mobile sensor guidance laws is developed in the form of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) to meet the desired design objectives. Moreover, to make the performance bound as small as possible, a suboptimal enhanced state estimation problem is formulated as a BMI optimization one, which can be solved via an iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

不同熄焦方式对40kg焦炉焦炭质量的影响

不同熄焦方式对焦炭的冷态强度、热态强度以及生产焦炉的工艺特点均有影响,为了更好地指导40 kg试验焦炉的生产,需对比分析水熄焦、干熄焦方式对焦炭质量的影响。选用4种不同炼焦煤和1种生产配合煤,利用40 kg级实验焦炉炼制焦炭,分别采用蒸汽熄焦与水熄焦方式对40 kg焦炉炼制的焦炭进行冷却,检测熄焦后焦炭的工业分析、机械强度及热性质等性能指标,对比分析2种熄焦方式对焦炭质量的影响,并研究2种熄焦方式下焦炭与生产干熄焦的焦炭质量关系。结果表明,相对水熄焦,蒸汽熄焦的焦炭水分较稳定(小于1%)、成焦率有所提升,改善了焦炭质量,其中1/3焦煤冷强度的改善最为明显,气煤与1/3焦煤的热性质改善最为明显,肥煤的成焦率提升最大;蒸汽熄焦与生产干熄焦的焦炭质量指标更接近,机械强度M 40一致、M 10数据高出2.5个百分点,热性质CRI数据高出8.1个百分点、CSR低出10.4个百分点。焦化企业可参照试验结果,进一步优化40 kg实验焦炉熄焦工艺及调整生产与试验焦炉的相关性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC0.7N0.3-HfC cermet tool materials

TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC cermet tool materials were fabricated by hot-press sintering. Effects of different metal additives (Ni, Co, Ni-Co and Ni-Mo), sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC cermets were investigated. Results showed that Ni-Mo or Ni-Co as metal additives was better for the mechanical properties of TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC cermets than only Ni or only Co as the metal additives and Ni-Mo better than Ni-Co. HfC particle dispersion existed in these four cermets and only in the TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC-Ni-Mo cermet the core-rim structure obviously existed. TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC-Ni-Mo cermet had significantly smaller grains than the other three cermets because Ni-Mo can significantly refine the grain. With the sintering temperature increasing from 1450?°C to 1650?°C, grains grew gradually; Vickers hardness and flexural strength decreased gradually and the fracture toughness increased firstly and then decreased. With the holding time increasing from 15?min to 60?min, grains grew gradually; Vickers hardness, flexural strength and the fracture toughness increased firstly and then decreased. TiC_0.7N_0.3-HfC-Ni-Mo cermets sintered at 1450?°C with 30?min holding time had the better comprehensive mechanical properties with flexural strength of 1346.41?±?31?MPa, fracture toughness of 8.46?±?0.23?MPa?m^1/2 and Vickers hardness of 22.91?±?0.22?GPa.